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Updated: Jul 20, 2026
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Published on: May 5, 2011
Automated thermographic detection of blood vessels for DIEP flap reconstructive surgery
Edgar Cardenas De La Hoz1, Jan Verstockt2, Simon Verspeek2
1InViLab Research Group, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium. edgar.cardenas@uantwerpen.be.
Purpose:
Inadequate perfusion is the most common cause of partial flap loss in tissue transfer for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. The current state-of-the-art uses computed tomography angiography (CTA) to locate the best perforators. Unfortunately, these techniques are expensive and time-consuming and not performed during surgery. Dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) can offer a solution for these disadvantages.
Methods:
The research presented couples thermographic examination during DIEP flap breast reconstruction with automatic segmentation approach using a convolutional neural network. Traditional segmentation techniques and annotations by surgeons are used to create automatic labels for the training.
Results:
The network used for image annotation is able to label in real-time on minimal hardware and the labels created can be used to locate and quantify perforator candidates for selection with a dice score accuracy of 0.8 after 2 min and 0.9 after 4 min.
Conclusions:
These results allow for a computational system that can be used in place during surgery to improve surgical success. The ability to track and measure perforators and their perfused area allows for less subjective results and helps the surgeon to select the most suitable perforator for DIEP flap breast reconstruction.
