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Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation
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mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines.

Shamim Ahmed1, Alon Herschhorn1,2,3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, successful against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are now being developed for Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). These novel HIV-1 mRNA vaccines are in preclinical and clinical trials to overcome immune evasion challenges.

Keywords:
HIV-1envelope glycoproteinsmRNA vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The success of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines has spurred interest in developing mRNA technology for other infectious diseases.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) presents significant challenges for vaccine development due to its rapid mutation rate and immune evasion strategies.
  • Despite decades of research, an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for developing mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines.
  • To discuss various targeting approaches for HIV-1 mRNA vaccine candidates.
  • To summarize recent findings and future prospects for HIV-1 mRNA vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies involving the manufacturing and testing of mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines in animal models.
  • Analysis of ongoing and planned clinical trials for HIV-1 mRNA vaccines.
  • Examination of different antigen-targeting strategies and delivery systems for mRNA vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Multiple mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in various animal models.
  • Early-stage clinical trials have been initiated, with more planned, to assess the safety and immunogenicity of these vaccines.
  • Optimization of mRNA vaccine design and delivery is crucial for overcoming HIV-1's immune evasion mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA vaccine technology holds promise for developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
  • Addressing HIV-1's complex immune evasion strategies is critical for vaccine success.
  • Continued research and clinical evaluation are essential to advance HIV-1 mRNA vaccine development.