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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

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Surface functionalized cryogels - characterization methods, recent progress in preparation and application.

Florian Behrendt^1,2,3, Michael Gottschaldt^1,2, Ulrich S Schubert^1,2,3,4

¹Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. ulrich.schubert@uni-jena.de.

Materials Horizons

|July 18, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review focuses on functional cryogels, highlighting characterization methods for evaluating functionalization success. It explores new functional monomers and strategies for creating tailored polymeric materials.

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Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Cryogels are sponge-like polymeric materials with diverse applications.
Functionalization enhances cryogel properties like biocompatibility and responsivity.
Existing reviews lack focus on functionalization evaluation and characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of cryogel functionalization characterization methods.
To discuss novel functional monomers and functionalization strategies.
To emphasize the importance of functionalization for tailored cryogel properties.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent characterization techniques for functional cryogels.
Analysis of synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and hybrid approaches for cryogel functionalization.
Discussion of functional (macro-)monomers and ligand-based functionalization.

Main Results:

Identification of key characterization methods for assessing cryogel functionalization.
Overview of emerging functional monomers and advanced functionalization strategies.
Demonstration of diverse functionalization approaches using synthetic and biological polymers.

Conclusions:

Accurate characterization is crucial for evaluating cryogel functionalization success.
Novel functional monomers and strategies enable the development of advanced cryogels.
Functionalization is key to producing cryogels with precisely tailored properties for specific applications.