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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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Incomplete glenoid ossification: A case report.

Amol H Trivedi1,2, Danielle Yin3, Lulu He3

  • 1Allegheny Health Network, Orthopaedic Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.

Radiology Case Reports
|July 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incomplete ossification of the glenoid in adolescents can mimic shoulder pathology. Recognizing normal glenoid development aids accurate diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pain in young patients.

Keywords:
Case reportGlenoid fractureGlenoid ossificationLabral tearShoulder pain

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Adolescent Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Ossification of the glenoid is a normal developmental process in adolescents.
  • Variability in this process can complicate the diagnosis of shoulder pathology.
  • Accurate differentiation between normal development and pathology is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Observation:

  • A 15-year-old male presented with chronic shoulder pain, initially diagnosed as a labral tear.
  • Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed incomplete glenoid ossification, not labral or bony pathology.
  • Symptoms were attributed to rotator cuff tendinitis.

Findings:

  • Incomplete glenoid ossification can present with symptoms mimicking labral tears in adolescents.
  • The patient's shoulder pain resolved completely after physical therapy for rotator cuff tendinitis.
  • Diagnostic imaging and clinical evaluation are key to distinguishing normal ossification from pathology.

Implications:

  • Understanding normal glenoid ossification variability is essential for pediatric orthopedic care.
  • Misinterpretation of incomplete ossification can lead to unnecessary surgical interventions.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering developmental variations in adolescent shoulder pain.