DNA profiling in India: Addressing issues of sample preservation, databasing, marker selection, & statistical...

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• DNA technology is the global standard for identifying individuals from biological evidence.
• Its application in India is limited by the absence of a national DNA database.
• Inadequate sample collection and preservation protocols, particularly for sexual assault cases, hinder DNA analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the challenges and ambiguities in DNA analysis within the Indian context.
• To critically examine issues related to DNA databases, sample handling, and statistical interpretation of genetic data.
• To propose solutions and mitigation strategies for improving DNA analysis in casework.

Main Methods:

• Review of current casework scenarios in India.
• Analysis of existing practices in DNA sample collection, preservation, and analysis.
• Discussion of statistical approaches for genetic data interpretation.

Main Results:

• Significant lacunae exist in India regarding DNA databases, sample quality, and the statistical interpretation of DNA evidence.
• Despite the adoption of advanced DNA technologies, practical implementation for sample optimization remains insufficient.
• Current casework reveals critical pitfalls in forensic DNA analysis, impacting identification accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Establishing a comprehensive DNA database and improving forensic protocols are essential for India.
• Standardized and statistically robust interpretation of DNA results is urgently needed.
• Addressing these issues will enhance the effectiveness of DNA technology in the Indian criminal justice system.