S100B actions on glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain: an overview

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Biology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• S100B is a calcium-binding protein found in various brain cells.
• It belongs to the S100 family, characterized by EF hand structures.
• S100B exerts differential effects on cell differentiation, growth, and maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the detection and localization of S100B in developing brain cells across species.
• To summarize the actions of S100B on glial and neuronal cell development.
• To highlight the association between S100B expression changes and neurodevelopmental alterations.

Main Methods:

• Literature review compiling studies on S100B detection and function.
• Analysis of S100B's role in astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and neuron differentiation.
• Examination of S100B's impact on neurite outgrowth, migration, and cell morphology.

Main Results:

• S100B is detected in specific brain regions and cell types during human, mouse, and rat development.
• S100B regulates astrocyte and oligodendrocyte maturation and stimulates dendritic development in specific neurons.
• Altered S100B expression correlates with morphological and functional neurodevelopmental issues.

Conclusions:

• S100B expression and early actions significantly impact glial and neuronal cell development.
• Changes in S100B levels during development can lead to altered cell differentiation, growth, and maturation.
• Understanding S100B's spatiotemporal actions is key to comprehending brain development.