Local carotid stiffness, hemodynamic forces and blood viscosity in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions

The carotid stiffness is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular small vessel disease. Our study aimed to evaluate the relation of the local arterial stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) to the hemodynamic forces and blood viscosity in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions (LI).

Twenty-two patients with chronic LI and 15 age-matched controls were examined. An ultrasound examination of the CCA intima-media thickness (IMT), the parameters of local CCA stiffness: distensibility (DC) and compliance coefficients (CC), α and β stiffness indices and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was performed. The local hemodynamic forces were calculated: circumferential wall tension (CWT) and wall shear stress (WSS). Whole blood viscosity (WBV) and shear stresses at shear rates of 0.277 s- 1 to 94.5 s- 1 were measured in patients and controls.

Higher values of IMT, a significant decrease of DC and CC and an increase of α and β stiffness indices and PWV in the LI patients compared to the controls were obtained. A parallel significant increase in CWT and a decrease in WSS was found. An increase in WBV and a significant increase in shear stresses were detected. In the LI patients, the increased stiffness indices were associated with an increase in age, cholesterol and WBV at higher shear rates in the left CCA. In the controls, the IMT and stiffness indices correlated significantly with the hemodynamic factors and WBV in both CCAs, while the stiffness indices correlated with the hemodynamic forces in the left CCA.

The results of the present study demonstrate different associations of the local carotid stiffness indices with the hemodynamic forces and WBV in patients with LI and controls.