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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression

Published on: July 30, 2015

Thymic epithelial organoids mediate T-cell development.

Tania Hübscher¹, L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín¹, Thomas Barthlott²

¹Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|July 22, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed thymus organoids for studying T-cell development. These organoids mimic the thymus in vitro, supporting physiological T-cell development and offering new avenues for research and regeneration strategies.

Keywords:

Mouse Organoids T cells Thymic epithelial cells Thymopoiesis Thymus

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Thymic Epithelial Cells and T-Cell Research with Human Thymic Organoids

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression

Published on: July 30, 2015

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures

Published on: August 6, 2016

Author Spotlight: Advancing Thymic Epithelial Cells and T-Cell Research with Human Thymic Organoids

Author Spotlight: Advancing Thymic Epithelial Cells and T-Cell Research with Human Thymic Organoids

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunology
Developmental Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Organoids offer significant potential for research, yet immune system-related organoids are underdeveloped.
The thymus is a critical lymphoid organ for T-cell development.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish functional organoids from the thymus.
To investigate the potential of these organoids for studying T-cell development and thymic epithelial cell (TEC) biology in vitro.

Main Methods:

Developed conditions for mouse thymic epithelial progenitor cell proliferation into organoids.
Characterized organoid cell populations and transcriptional profiles.
Reaggregated organoids with T-cell progenitors to assess functionality.

Main Results:

Generated thymic epithelial organoids with diverse cell populations resembling in vivo TECs.
Organoids maintained thymus functionality and supported physiological T-cell development in vitro.
Reaggregates exhibited in vivo-like epithelial diversity and progenitor cell attraction.

Conclusions:

Thymic epithelial organoids are the first organoids from a lymphoid organ's stromal compartment.
These organoids provide a novel platform for studying TEC biology and T-cell development.
This work paves the way for thymic regeneration strategies for aging or injury.