Breast imaging: pitfalls, controversies, and some practical thoughts

Early detection of breast cancer by mammography depends on the production of excellent images and competent interpretation. Some of the more important pitfalls encountered with and controversies about mammography are presented in this article. In many cases, the radiologist is unable to declare whether the mammogram is unequivocally normal or abnormal and instead should aid the clinician in formulating rational management options for the woman. Practical options for some of these very complicated problems are proposed.