The relationship between loneliness and blood glucose: a cross-sectional survey among Japanese

Recently, researchers have uncovered a correlation between loneliness and both the development and management of diabetes. Nevertheless, previous studies employing an unvalidated loneliness questionnaire impair result accuracy. Furthermore, this aspect has not been researched in the Japanese population. Therefore, this cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Kanagawa prospective "ME-BYO" Cohort Study (ME-BYO cohort) to investigate the correlation between loneliness, as measured by 20 items on the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and blood glucose levels. A total of 666 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 54.1 years and a mean BMI of 23 kg/m². Half of the participants had obtained an education level beyond high school. The mean household income and physical activity level were reported as 6.83 million Japanese yen and 12.3 METs-h/day, respectively. Model 1 of the linear regression analysis determined that there was no significant association between the loneliness scale and HbA1c (p = 0.512). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI (model 2), sitting time, physical activity level (model 3), housemates, household income, and final education (model 4), and controlling for social support, quality of life, and depression (model 5), the results showed no significant association, with a p-value of 0.823, 0.791, 0.792, and 0.816, respectively. Thus, the study found no link between loneliness and HbA1c in the high SES population. This finding contradicts previous results and may be attributed to the impact of population characteristics, SES status, or genetic backgrounds.