Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

29.4K
Overview
29.4K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.6K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.6K
Recombinant DNA01:09

Recombinant DNA

93.8K
Overview
93.8K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TBAF-promoted dephenolative transcarbomylation: direct access to substituted carbamates & thiocarbamates.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same author

Strain-dependent bioactive-lipid interactions govern oxidative stability and antimicrobial functionality in Lentinula edodes.

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)·2026
Same author

Ubiquitin Ligases in pro-atrophic and antiatrophic signaling cascades in muscles.

Molecular biology reports·2026
Same author

Macromolecular Organization in Lentinula edodes: Integrating Co-Occurring Bioactives for Structure-Function Relationships Across Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism.

Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety·2026
Same author

Healing Without Wheat: Navigating the Nutritional Landscape of Gluten-Free Flours in Celiac Disease.

Nutrition reviews·2026
Same author

Prognostic significance of KRAS G12C versus non-G12C RAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The oncologist·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

4.4K

Combinative workflow for mRNA vaccine development.

Renuka Khanzode1, Garima Soni1, Shalini Srivastava1

  • 1Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, ITBT Park, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Phase-2, Pune, Maharashtra, 411057, India.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a robust method for creating mRNA vaccines, starting with designing and cloning the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein gene. This approach enables rapid development of effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and other diseases.

Keywords:
OmicronSARS-CoV-2SOE-PCRVaccinemRNA

More Related Videos

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring
07:04

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring

Published on: April 4, 2025

304
Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

4.4K
Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring
07:04

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring

Published on: April 4, 2025

304
Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Vaccinology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology is increasingly important for vaccines, gene therapy, and protein replacement.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapid vaccine development platforms.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) presents unique antigenic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive workflow for designing, cloning, and characterizing mRNA vaccine candidates.
  • To create an antigenic cassette for an mRNA vaccine targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of the approach for other infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic design and in-silico characterization of the spike protein gene.
  • Gene assembly using overlapping oligonucleotide-based PCR and subsequent cloning.
  • mRNA synthesis and characterization via capillary electrophoresis, sequencing (Sanger, NGS), HPLC, and qPCR.
  • In-vitro antigen expression analysis using Western blot, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance.

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed, assembled, and cloned the gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein.
  • Synthesized and orthogonally characterized mRNA using multiple analytical techniques.
  • Confirmed in-vitro expression and antigenicity of the spike protein in an animal cell model.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated comprehensive approach provides a reliable method for mRNA vaccine development.
  • This platform is adaptable for creating mRNA vaccines against various pathogens and diseases, including Malaria, Herpes, Dengue, and HPV.
  • The study validates a streamlined process from gene design to antigen expression verification for mRNA therapeutics.