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Dynamics of Amphibian Pathogen Detection Using Extended Museum Specimens.

Ariadna S Torres López1,2, Daniele L F Wiley1,2, Kadie N Omlor1

  • 1Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Museum specimens offer valuable insights into wildlife diseases. Toe clips are superior to liver for detecting Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in frogs, while liver may be better for Ranavirus (Rv).

Keywords:
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisRanavirusAmphibian PerkinseaChytridiomycosisamphibiansfrogsholistic specimennatural history collections

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Amphibian Pathology
  • Museum Science & Collections

Background:

  • Natural history collections are crucial for biodiversity research but underutilized for wildlife disease studies.
  • Preserved specimens contain valuable phenotypic and genotypic data, but tissue types vary in pathogen detection suitability.
  • Amphibians are susceptible to various pathogens, including Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), Ranavirus (Rv), and Amphibian Perkinsea (Pr).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of different preserved amphibian tissues for detecting multiple wildlife pathogens.
  • To compare pathogen detection dynamics across two tissue types (toe clips and liver) and two frog species (Rana catesbeiana and Rana clamitans).

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to screen toe clip and liver tissues from museum specimens.
  • Prevalence and intensity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), Ranavirus (Rv), and Amphibian Perkinsea (Pr) were assessed.
  • Infection loads were compared between tissue types and host species.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in pathogen prevalence was observed between Rana catesbeiana and Rana clamitans.
  • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) intensity was higher in Rana clamitans compared to Rana catesbeiana.
  • Toe clips showed significantly higher Bd loads and were more effective for Bd detection than liver tissues.
  • Ranavirus (Rv) was detected more frequently in liver tissues, though not significantly different.

Conclusions:

  • Extended specimen collections are a valuable resource for amphibian disease research.
  • Broader tissue sampling during specimen preparation enhances the utility of museum collections for multipathogen detection.
  • Toe clips are recommended for Bd detection, while liver may be more suitable for Rv surveillance in amphibian studies.