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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

2.5K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...
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Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

3.0K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.0K
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism01:23

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism

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Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
5.4K
Basicity of Aromatic Amines01:18

Basicity of Aromatic Amines

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The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
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Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview01:16

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

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Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.
4.6K
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

5.9K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
5.9K

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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

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Pyranine Interaction with Amines in Micelles.

Muhammad Idrees1, Najmus Saqib2, Abdul Salam2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24420, Pakistan. idrees_chemist@yahoo.com.

Journal of Fluorescence
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The fluorescence of pyranine is quenched by various amines in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. Lower SDS concentrations enhance this quenching effect, making it useful for amine detection.

Keywords:
AminesPyranineQuenchingSDS

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Pyranine is a fluorescent dye sensitive to its microenvironment.
  • Anionic micelles, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), can influence molecular interactions.
  • Amines are common organic compounds with varying chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fluorescence quenching of pyranine by different amines.
  • To understand the effect of SDS concentration on pyranine-amine interactions.
  • To evaluate the potential of this method for amine determination.

Main Methods:

  • Spectrofluorometric analysis of pyranine in SDS solutions.
  • Addition of various amines (cyclopropylamine, ethylenediamine, benzylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, polyethylenediamine).
  • Determination of thermodynamic parameters and binding constants.

Main Results:

  • All studied amines quenched pyranine fluorescence.
  • Quenching intensity and thermodynamic parameters were higher at 0.05 M SDS compared to 0.1 M SDS.
  • Binding constants and Gibbs free energy changes indicated stronger interactions at lower SDS concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The fluorescence quenching of pyranine by amines in SDS is concentration-dependent.
  • The method shows promise for the reproducible determination of amines in environmental samples.
  • The observed quenching behavior provides insights into molecular interactions within micellar systems.