Genome Editing Dilemma: Navigating Dual-Use Potential and Charting the Path Forward

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Genomics
• Bio-security

Background:

• Genome editing technologies have advanced significantly, increasing accessibility and accuracy.
• While beneficial for disease treatment and prevention, these technologies present dual-use concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the potential national and international security threats posed by genome editing.
• To advocate for an integrated approach to regulate, detect, prevent, and mitigate malicious use.
• To address the insufficient attention given to dual-use genomic technology in current global frameworks.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of contemporary genome editing advancements.
• Drawing parallels with regulatory and security frameworks in the nuclear field.
• Proposing practical steps for managing genome editing risks.

Main Results:

• Genome editing, despite its therapeutic potential, poses a conceivable WMD threat.
• Existing global regulatory frameworks (e.g., 2021 WHO framework) inadequately address future dual-use genomic technology prospects.
• Specific steps are proposed for national and international security strategies.

Conclusions:

• Genome editing requires a proactive and integrated security strategy.
• Enhanced international dialogue, legally binding verification, and technology tracking are essential.
• Adapting national security and defense strategies to include genome editing threats is necessary.