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Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.

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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

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Phenomic Selection for Hybrid Rapeseed Breeding.

Lennard Roscher-Ehrig¹, Sven E Weber¹, Amine Abbadi²

¹Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

Plant Phenomics (Washington, D.C.)

|July 25, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Phenomic selection using spectral data from parental lines effectively predicts hybrid rapeseed traits. This approach is competitive with genomic selection and easily integrated into breeding programs.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Breeding
Spectroscopy

Background:

Genomic selection (GS) is a standard tool in plant breeding.
Phenomic selection (PS) offers a low-cost, high-throughput alternative using spectral data.
The efficacy of PS for predicting traits in hybrid generations using parental data is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the potential of phenomic selection for hybrid rapeseed breeding.
To assess if spectral data from parental genotypes can predict traits in hybrid offspring.
To compare PS with GS in the context of hybrid breeding.

Main Methods:

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data were collected from parental lines and 410 test hybrids.
Spectral data were used with linear and nonlinear models to predict traits like seed yield and plant height.
Predictions were made within the hybrid generation and across generations (parental to hybrid).

Main Results:

Phenomic selection within the hybrid generation surpassed genomic selection for seed yield and plant height.
PS performance was robust even with spectral data from single locations and less influenced by population structure.
Phenomic prediction across generations proved feasible, with parental spectral data offering competitive prediction accuracy against GS.

Conclusions:

Phenomic selection is a viable and promising strategy for hybrid rapeseed breeding.
Utilizing spectral data from parental lines for phenomic prediction in hybrids is effective and competitive with genomic selection.
PS, leveraging routinely collected NIRS data, can be seamlessly integrated into rapeseed breeding programs without additional costs.