A certain future strengthens the past: Knowing ahead how to act on an object prioritizes its visual working memory...

Findings from recent studies indicate that planning an action toward an object strengthens its visual working memory (VWM) representation, emphasizing the importance of sensorimotor links in VWM. In the present study, we investigated to what extent such sensorimotor links are modulated by how well-defined an action plan is. In three eye-tracking experiments, we asked participants to memorize a visual stimulus for a subsequent memory test, whereby they performed a specific hand movement toward memory-matching probes. We manipulated action uncertainty so that in the defined action condition, participants knew before the memory delay what specific action they would have to perform at the memory test, while in the undefined action condition, they were informed about the specific action on the object in VWM only after the delay. Importantly, during the delay, participants were presented with a visual detection task, designed to measure any attentional biases toward the memorized object. Across the three experiments, we found moderate evidence that knowing in advance how to act on an object prioritized its mnemonic representation, as expressed in an increased attentional bias toward it. Our results support the idea that knowing what action to perform on an object strengthens its representation in VWM, and further highlight the importance of considering action in the study of VWM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).