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Multitarget Visual Search Flexibly Switches Between Concurrent and Sequential Search Modes
Alex J Hoogerbrugge1, Christoph Strauch1, Noa Hoevers1
1Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University.
Psychological Science
|May 19, 2026
Summary
People can flexibly switch between sequential and concurrent visual search modes. This adaptive strategy, chosen based on task demands and individual preferences, helps reconcile mixed findings in multitarget search research.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Human Visual Perception
Background:
- Previous research on multitarget visual search has focused on capacity limits.
- Findings regarding the ability to use multiple working memory representations concurrently have been inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether individuals can switch between sequential and concurrent search strategies.
- To determine if search mode flexibility can explain discrepancies in prior multitarget search studies.
Main Methods:
- Experiment 1: Instructed sequential and concurrent search for two targets using manual and oculomotor responses.
- Experiments 2a & 2b: Participants freely chose search modes.
- Trial-level modeling to analyze search strategy selection.
Main Results:
- Participants successfully employed both sequential and concurrent search when instructed.
- When free to choose, participants predominantly used distinct sequential and concurrent modes.
- Search mode selection was dynamically adjusted based on factors like set size, stimulus properties, and individual preference.
Conclusions:
- Visual search is a dynamic and adaptive process.
- Individuals flexibly select search modes as needed, akin to using "tools from a toolbox".
- This flexibility reconciles inconsistencies in previous multitarget search literature.
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