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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

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Down to the bone.

Sanket Jain1

  • 1Ganeshwadi, India.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Breathing polluted air is increasingly linked to a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. This connection highlights the impact of environmental factors on bone health.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Bone Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging research indicates a correlation between exposure to air pollution and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
  • Air pollutants may negatively affect bone metabolism and structural integrity.

Discussion:

  • The mechanisms linking air pollution to osteoporosis are under investigation, potentially involving systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Key Insights:

  • Growing evidence suggests a significant association between air quality and bone density.
  • Polluted air poses a potential risk factor for osteoporosis development.

Outlook:

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Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
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Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

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Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis
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Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
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  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise biological mechanisms.
  • Public health strategies may need to incorporate air quality improvements to mitigate osteoporosis risk.