Enhancing inpatient glycemic education and management with a SMILE SBAR: A quantitative study

To examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes education class on improving nurses' self-efficacy in glycemic management and physician communication, with a focus on using the SMILE (Sugar Trend, Medications, Intravenous fluid, Labs, and Eating) SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) as a communication tool. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate the translation of knowledge into practice, in this case, inpatient glycemic control.

Inpatient glycemic management for patients living with diabetes can be challenging. Therefore, as patient advocates, nurses must be able to identify what clinical data warrants a call to the physician to facilitate timely decisions and interventions.

Data was collected from a purposive sample of 28 registered nurses from a single general medicine unit. A t-test was used to analyze nurses' pretest-posttest perceptions of self-efficacy in nine content areas. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was also conducted on patients' median blood glucose values over four months (July-October 2023).

The results suggest the class was effective in improving nurses' perceived knowledge and self-efficacy in all nine content areas, with the highest mean difference increase of 1.46 for I have sufficient knowledge regarding the SMILE SBAR and [will] use it as a tool for communicating with the physician, p < 0.05. A comparison of 403 patients' median blood glucose values were also statistically significantly different across four months, χ²(3) = 21.088, p < 0.0001.

Continued efforts to prevent and manage inpatient glycemic control should focus on enhancing nurse-physician communication and teamwork with simple yet effective tools such as the SMILE SBAR.