Unveiling insights into bovine tuberculosis: A comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Zoonotic Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a significant zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
• It affects cattle globally, posing risks to other animal species and human health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, transmission, and control of BTB.
• To highlight the public health and economic implications of this zoonotic disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles and reports on bovine tuberculosis.
• Synthesis of information on M. bovis characteristics, disease presentation, and diagnostic methods.

Main Results:

• M. bovis is shed in various bodily secretions and lesions, facilitating transmission.
• The tuberculin test is the primary diagnostic tool in cattle.
• BTB significantly impacts cattle productivity and the livestock economy, particularly the dairy sector.

Conclusions:

• Effective control strategies include routine testing, culling infected animals, and understanding transmission pathways.
• Global efforts are crucial for managing and eradicating this persistent zoonotic threat.