Molecular and histopathological detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Wasit Province, Iraq

The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important pathogen affecting goats, leading to respiratory diseases and considerable economic losses. Notwithstanding its known impact, data on BRSV prevalence and histopathological effects in goats from Wasit Province, Iraq, are limited.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular and histopathological features of BRSV in goats, assess infection rates, and classify associated risk factors, for example, age, sex, and season.

A total of 150 lung tissue samples from slaughtered goats in Wasit Province were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for BRSV detection and histopathological examinations. Viral Ribonucleic Acid was extracted and amplified using specific primers targeting the N gene. Histopathological changes were assessed using Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between the infection rates and risk factors.

The BRSV infection rate was 33.3%, with significant variations according to age, sex, and season. Goats older than 1 year had a higher infection rate (41.8%) than younger goats. Females exhibited a greater prevalence (23.5%) than males, and winter recorded the highest incidence (55.3%). The gross pathological findings included pulmonary discoloration, consolidation, and hemorrhagic foci. Histopathological analysis revealed severe alveolar destruction, fibrosis, syncytial cell formation, and inflammatory infiltration.

BRSV is a main respiratory pathogen in goats, and its infection rates are influenced by demographic and seasonal factors. This study highlights the utility of molecular and histopathological techniques in BRSV diagnosis and underscores the need for targeted control measures. Further research should explore immune responses and vaccine efficacy in goats.