Apheresis in the treatment of chronic relapsing polyneuropathy

As a distinct inflammatory demyelinating disease, chronic relapsing polyneuropathy can be extremely debilitating and cause respiratory failure leading to death. The cause of the disorder is unknown, although evidence suggests that immune dysfunction plays some role in its pathogenesis. Conventional treatment using steroids and immunosuppressants has been reported both as effective and ineffective in controlling the course of the disease. The rationale for apheresis, as a nonspecific therapy, is related to the removal and/or dilution of circulating cytotoxic factors, and some patients have achieved dramatic and sometimes prolonged remissions from such treatments. Existing evidence from a large and growing number of case reports suggests that apheresis is a reasonable treatment for patients with severe or life-threatening symptoms which fail to respond to conventional therapy. However, convincing data of its efficacy is lacking and must await the results of appropriate randomized clinical trials.