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Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

Second Primary Lung Cancer - An Emerging Issue in Lung Cancer Survivors.

Sarah Østrup Jensen¹, David A Moore², Arif A Surani¹

¹Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

|July 26, 2024

Summary

Improved lung cancer survival leads to more second primary lung cancers (SPLC). Early detection and accurate diagnosis, including genomic profiling and biomarkers, are crucial for managing SPLC in survivors.

Keywords:

Biomarkers Lung Cancer Outcomes Second Primary Lung Cancer Survival

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Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

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Published on: January 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pulmonology
Genetics

Background:

Improving 5-year survival rates for lung cancer due to early detection and better treatments.
Increased survival presents challenges, including a higher risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in survivors.
Emerging data suggests SPLC incidence may be underestimated, potentially affecting up to 1 in 6 survivors within 5 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the challenges in surveillance, diagnosis, and management of second primary lung cancer (SPLC).
To highlight the importance of differentiating SPLC from intrapulmonary metastases for appropriate patient management.
To explore emerging genomic and biomarker approaches for SPLC detection and classification.

Main Methods:

Review of recent prospective follow-up studies on SPLC incidence.
Examination of current and emerging diagnostic techniques, including genomic profiling.
Discussion of clinical history, histopathological assessment, and blood-based biomarkers for SPLC identification.

Main Results:

SPLC incidence may be higher than previously thought, linked to multi-focal adenocarcinoma spectrum disease.
Accurate distinction between SPLC and recurrence is critical, as management strategies differ significantly.
Genomic approaches show promise for differentiating SPLC from metastases, though not yet routine.

Conclusions:

Updated classification approaches combining clinical, histopathological, and genomic data are needed for SPLC.
Early detection biomarkers, particularly blood-based ones, warrant further investigation for SPLC identification in survivors.
Addressing SPLC challenges is essential for improving long-term outcomes in the growing population of lung cancer survivors.