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Developing an Ethical Perspectives Scale.

Kevin J Diegel1, Timothy M Barth1, Charles G Lord1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Psychological Reports
|July 26, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the Ethical Perspectives Scale (EPS) to measure five moral viewpoints: utilitarianism, rights, fairness, common good, and virtue. This new scale reliably predicts judgments on complex ethical dilemmas.

Keywords:
Ethicsethical dilemmasindividual differencesmoral judgmentsscales

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Ethics
  • Moral Judgment

Background:

  • Existing theories propose ethical perspectives influence moral judgments, yet lack validated individual difference scales.
  • The Markkula framework outlines five distinct ethical perspectives: utilitarianism, rights, fairness/justice, common good, and virtue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an Ethical Perspectives Scale (EPS) based on the five-perspective Markkula framework.
  • To assess the scale's reliability, internal consistency, and predictive validity in evaluating moral judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Item development and refinement for each of the five ethical perspectives.
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on data from 621 university students.
  • Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability assessments on separate student samples.

Main Results:

  • EFA and CFA confirmed a five-factor structure aligning with the Markkula perspectives, demonstrating good fit indices.
  • The EPS subscales showed satisfactory internal consistency (mean alpha = .76) and test-retest reliability (mean r = .72).
  • EPS sub-scales significantly predicted evaluations of moral dilemmas concerning drug legalization, free speech, and pandemic restrictions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ethical Perspectives Scale (EPS) is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring individual differences in ethical perspectives.
  • The EPS demonstrates utility in predicting judgments on contemporary moral issues, suggesting its value for future research and applications in ethics and psychology.