Changes of Target Essential Trace Elements in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Biochemistry
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease linked to trace element dysregulation.
• The role of trace elements in MS pathogenesis has been investigated for decades.
• Essential trace elements like zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) are neurologically important.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze circulating trace element levels in MS patients versus controls.
• To determine differences in essential trace elements (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Se) between MS cases and healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies.
• Comparison of serum/plasma levels of essential trace elements between MS patients and control groups.
• Statistical analysis to identify significant differences in element concentrations.

Main Results:

• Significantly lower serum/plasma zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) levels were observed in MS patients.
• Significantly higher serum/plasma copper (Cu) levels were found in individuals with MS.
• No significant differences in serum/plasma cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), or selenium (Se) levels were detected between groups.

Conclusions:

• Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency should be addressed in nutritional and supplementation strategies for MS.
• Copper (Cu) should be excluded from supplementation due to elevated levels in MS patients.
• Trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu) warrant etiological consideration and monitoring in MS management for personalized care.