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Hybrid Coupler Used as Tunable Phase Shifter Based on Varactor Diodes.

Taleb Mohamed Benaouf¹, Abdelaziz Hamdoun², Mohamed Himdi³

¹ERSC Team, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco.

|July 27, 2024

Summary

This study presents a novel hybrid coupler featuring a continuously variable output phase difference, controlled electronically using varactor diodes. This reconfigurable coupler offers a tunable phase difference crucial for advanced antenna systems.

Keywords:

coupler hybrid 3 dB phase shifter reconfigurable coupler

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Microwave Engineering
Electromagnetics

Background:

Hybrid couplers are fundamental components in microwave circuits.
Controlling phase differences is critical for applications like phased array antennas.
Existing couplers often have fixed phase differences, limiting flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate a hybrid coupler with a continuously variable output phase difference.
To utilize reconfigurable transmission lines and varactor diodes for electrical tuning.
To achieve a wide tunable phase range while maintaining a stable coupling coefficient.

Main Methods:

The coupler design is based on quadrature and asymmetric hybrid structures.
Electrically tunable transmission lines are implemented using varactor diodes.
Two biasing voltages control the varactor diodes to adjust line lengths.
A prototype operating at 3.5 GHz was fabricated and tested.

Main Results:

The coupler achieves a tunable output phase difference from 52° to 128°.
A consistent coupling coefficient of -3 dB (± 0.5 dB) was maintained.
Measurement results closely matched simulations, with a phase mismatch under 7° for non-90° cases.
The prototype validated the design's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

The proposed hybrid coupler offers a flexible and continuously variable phase difference.
This technology is highly suitable for antenna feeding arrays and Butler matrices.
The design provides a valuable solution for advanced microwave and antenna systems.