Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

1.1K
Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
1.1K
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

87
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
87
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

76
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
76
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

150
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss...
150
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

88
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
88
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

238
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
238

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Influence of food groups on plasma total homocysteine for specific MTHFR C677T genotypes in Chinese population.

Molecular nutrition & food research·2016
Same author

NIR Light Propulsive Janus-like Nanohybrids for Enhanced Photothermal Tumor Therapy.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2016
Same author

Smart Hydrogels with Inhomogeneous Structures Assembled Using Nanoclay-Cross-Linked Hydrogel Subunits as Building Blocks.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2016
Same author

Synergy between von Hippel-Lindau and P53 contributes to chemosensitivity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Molecular medicine reports·2016
Same author

Aerobic Degradation of Sulfadiazine by Arthrobacter spp.: Kinetics, Pathways, and Genomic Characterization.

Environmental science & technology·2016
Same author

Downregulation of ClC-3 in dorsal root ganglia neurons contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury.

Neuropharmacology·2016
Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

526

Network Security Prediction of Industrial Control Based on Projection Equalization Optimization Algorithm.

Guoxing Li1, Yuhe Wang1, Shiming Li1

  • 1School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel model for predicting Industrial Control Systems (ICS) network security posture using evidence reasoning and belief rule base techniques. The proposed method enhances prediction accuracy, especially with limited historical data.

Keywords:
belief rule base (BRB)evidence reasoning (ER)industrial control systems (ICSs)projection equalization optimization algorithm (P-EO)security situation prediction

More Related Videos

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K
Author Spotlight: Efficient Image Recognition Using Directional Gradient Histogram Technique and Support Vector Machines
08:27

Author Spotlight: Efficient Image Recognition Using Directional Gradient Histogram Technique and Support Vector Machines

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

526
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K
Author Spotlight: Efficient Image Recognition Using Directional Gradient Histogram Technique and Support Vector Machines
08:27

Author Spotlight: Efficient Image Recognition Using Directional Gradient Histogram Technique and Support Vector Machines

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Industrial Control Systems (ICS)

Background:

  • Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are critical infrastructure requiring robust security.
  • Assessing the network security posture of ICS is essential for reliable operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for ICS network security posture.
  • To enhance the reliability and accuracy of ICS security predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of various ICS information for security posture assessment.
  • Application of Evidence Reasoning (ER) for information fusion.
  • Utilization of Belief Rule Base (BRB) for prediction.
  • Introduction of the Projection Equalization Optimization (P-EO) algorithm to refine BRB parameters.

Main Results:

  • The developed model demonstrates superior prediction accuracy compared to existing methods.
  • The model shows an advantage in predictive performance when utilizing less historical data.
  • Experimental validation using industrial datasets confirms the model's credibility.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ER and BRB model, optimized by P-EO, effectively predicts ICS network security posture.
  • This approach offers a reliable solution for ensuring secure ICS operations.
  • The model's efficiency with limited data makes it valuable for practical ICS security management.