Small Animal Models to Study Herpes Simplex Virus Infections.

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Infectious Diseases
• Animal Models

Background:

• Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are globally prevalent, causing diverse diseases like genital herpes, meningitis, and keratitis.
• High seropositivity rates (HSV-1: ~90%, HSV-2: ~20-25%) and asymptomatic infections complicate human disease studies.
• The neurotropic nature of HSV presents challenges in understanding human pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize commonly utilized animal models for studying HSV.
• To discuss the application of these models in understanding HSV pathogenesis, disease progression, and host responses.
• To highlight the role of animal models in the preclinical evaluation of novel HSV therapies and vaccines.

Main Methods:

• Review of established literature on animal models for HSV research.
• Identification and categorization of commonly used animal species (e.g., mice, guinea pigs, rabbits).
• Discussion of key variables influencing model outcomes, including species, infection route, viral strain, and dosage.

Main Results:

• Several animal models, including mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits, are well-established for HSV research.
• These models allow for the investigation of HSV biology, pathogenesis, and host immune responses.
• Animal models serve as critical platforms for the initial assessment of potential antiviral drugs and vaccines.

Conclusions:

• Animal models are indispensable tools for advancing the understanding of HSV infections and developing effective interventions.
• The choice of animal model and experimental parameters is critical for successful HSV research.
• Continued use and refinement of animal models are essential for combating HSV-related diseases.