KIT in oocytes: a key factor for oocyte survival and reproductive lifespan

The KITL-KIT interaction is known as an important initiator in oocyte activation through the downstream pathway of PI3K-AKT-FOXO3 signalling. Previous studies utilising germ cell-specific Kit mutant knockin and kinase domain knockout models with Vasa-Cre suggested the crucial role of KIT in oocyte activation at the primordial follicle stage.

We utilised mice with complete postnatal deletion of KIT expression in oocytes via Gdf9-iCre and conducted analyses on ovarian follicle development, specific markers, hormone assays, and fertility outcomes.

Our findings reveal contrasting phenotypes compared to previous mouse models with prenatal deletion of Kit. Specifically, postnatal deletion of Kit exhibit no defects in germ cell nest breakdown, follicle activation, and folliculogenesis during development. Remarkably, upon reaching full maturity, mice with postnatal deletion of Kit experience a complete loss of ovarian reserve, growing follicles, and ovarian function. Furthermore, mice display smaller ovarian size and weight, delayed folliculogenesis, and phenotypes indicative of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), including elevated serum levels of FSH, reduced AMH, and absence of ovarian follicles, ultimately resulting in infertility. Additionally, the ovaries exhibit randomly distributed expression of granulosa and theca cell markers such as Inhibin α, ACVR2B, and LHR. Notably, there is the uncontrolled expression of p-SMAD3 and Ki67 throughout the ovarian sections, along with the widespread presence of luteinised stroma cells and cleaved Caspase-3-positive dying cells.

These genetic studies underscore the indispensable role of KIT in oocytes for maintaining the survival of ovarian follicles and ensuring the reproductive lifespan.

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01HD096042 and startup funds from UNMC (S.Y.K.).