Host location by arthropod vectors: are microorganisms in control?

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Parasitology
• Vector-borne diseases

Background:

• Vector-borne microorganisms rely on arthropod vectors for transmission between hosts.
• The parasite manipulation hypothesis suggests these microorganisms evolve to influence host interactions.
• Recent research reveals novel ecological interactions mediated by vector-borne microbes during host-seeking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of how vector-borne microorganisms influence their hosts.
• To highlight mechanisms that benefit microbial transmission.
• To explore potential applications in controlling disease spread.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of recent ecological and parasitological studies.
• Analysis of known interactions between vector-borne microbes, arthropod vectors, and vertebrate hosts.
• Conceptual framework development based on the parasite manipulation hypothesis.

Main Results:

• Vector-borne microorganisms actively manipulate host behaviors and physiology.
• These manipulations occur at various stages, including host location by vectors.
• Examples of microbial strategies influencing host-vector-host dynamics are presented.

Conclusions:

• Vector-borne microorganisms exert significant control over host interactions to ensure their propagation.
• Understanding the specific mechanisms of manipulation is crucial.
• Targeting these microbe-host interactions offers a promising avenue for managing vector-borne pathogens.