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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
Published on: April 9, 2012
Isoniazid resistance in Rifampicin sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents
Anurag Agarwal1, Priyanka Das2, Surendra Bahadur Mathur3
1Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India.
Background:
Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) are two crucial drugs used in antitubercular therapy. INH is known for its potent bactericidal effects and has a relatively higher prevalence of resistance compared to RIF. However, RIF resistance has been the subject of more extensive research. On the other hand, Ethambutol (EMB) and Streptomycin (STR) resistance have not been thoroughly studied, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. To address this knowledge gap, a study was designed to investigate the resistance patterns of INH, EMB, and STR in RIF-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases among children and adolescents.
Methods:
Seventy-five newly diagnosed RIF sensitive PTB cases up to 18 years of age were enrolled. Retreatment cases were excluded. Sputum/gastric aspirate sample of these patients were sent for culture in Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) followed by drug susceptibility testing and Line Probe Assay.
Results:
INH, EMB and STR resistance among RIF sensitive PTB cases was found to be 5.7%, 0% and 0.7% respectively. RIF resistance detected by CBNAAT was found to be 8.4%.
Conclusion:
Detection of INH resistance is as important as detecting RIF resistance as prevalence of INH resistance in RIF sensitive PTB among children and adolescents up to 18 years is around 6%.
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