Isoniazid monoresistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Puducherry, South India - A mixed methods study

On a programmatic basis, a new regimen was introduced in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme for isoniazid monoresistant tuberculosis in a few states in India.

To describe the clinical attributes and treatment outcomes of isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis patients on the new 6-month levofloxacin-containing regimen in Puducherry, India.

The study is designed as a convergent parallel mixed-methods study: a retrospective cohort study and a descriptive qualitative study. A total of 180 Hr-TB patient health records were reviewed, and in-depth interviews with 35 participants were conducted. (20 Hr-TB patients and 15 HCWs).

Of the total 180 Hr-TB patients included, we documented unfavourable outcomes in 26.1% of cases, and the KatG gene mutation was the most common mutation observed (63.9%). A significant risk of unfavourable outcomes was associated with low adherence and positive sputum at the third-month culture report. In interviewing the stakeholders, major challenges observed were the increased pill burden, delay in diagnosis, shortage of drugs, and lack of staff.

Hr-TB patients have difficulty in adhering to the 6-month levofloxacin regimen, with the need for rigorous early 3-month follow-up and assessment.