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Endocrinology During Pregnancy

Sarah Inés Ramírez1, Elizabeth Ashley Suniega2, Megan Ilene Laughrey2

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, HP11, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.

Primary Care
|July 27, 2024
PubMed

Disequilibrium of hormonal intercommunication between the maternal brain and the developing fetal-placental unit increases morbidity and mortality risk for the mother-baby dyad. As a novel yet temporary endocrine organ, the placenta serves as a physical and immunologic barrier that facilitates exchange of nutrients and elimination of fetal waste. Steroid and peptide-based hormones secreted by the placenta and other neuroendocrine organs induce adaptations in maternal physiology accommodating fetal growth and development and enabling lactation postpartum. Human placental growth hormone, a peptide hormone continuously secreted at increasing concentrations throughout pregnancy, is a primary determinant of maternal insulin resistance and gestational diabetes.

Keywords:
DiabetesEndocrinePlacentaPostpartumPregnancySocial determinantsThyroid

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