Eco-friendly versatile shielding revolution: Tannin tailored bamboo waste composite with wave-absorbing, flame...

The swift evolution of fifth-generation technology has intensified the need for lightweight, high-efficiency, and low-reflection multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding materials, crucial in combating escalating electromagnetic pollution in complex application environments. To tackle these challenges, an innovative solution has emerged: a biocomposite crafted from discarded bamboo materials. This innovation incorporates a meticulously engineered functional coating composed of tannic acid, boric acid, and polyvinyl alcohol. Additionally, the integration of highly conductive Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) nanosheets onto the surface of bamboo powders enhances the EMI shielding efficiency of composites, achieving an impressive ∼40.9 dB. Meanwhile, significant improvements in mechanical reinforcement have been achieved, along with increases in the relative values of key performance indicators: tensile strength (89.8 %), tensile modulus (79.6 %), flexural strength (51.6 %), flexural modulus (35.1 %), and impact strength (45.4 %). Furthermore, the introduction of functional components grants the composite exceptional flame retardancy and antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Beyond these strides, the utilization of bamboo waste as a composite pioneer a paradigm shift in waste utilization, converting refuse into invaluable resources.