[The centennial history of perioperative management]

Stress reaction is a systemic adaptive response of individual in face of changes in their environment. In 1859, Darwin elaborated on the influence of external circumstances on life.In 1878, Bernard hold that a stable internal environment is the primary condition for the independent existence of life.In 1914, Cannon proposed the concept of "stress reaction".In 1932, Casbertson confirmed that surgical stress can have a huge impact on patients.In 2001, Klerter introduced the concept of Enhanced Recovery Surgery (ERAS), which reduces surgical trauma and stress and accelerates postoperative recovery through a series of perioperative optimization measures based on evidence-based medical evidence. Subsequently, the concept of ERAS was quickly accepted and became one of the most important development directions leading the progress of modern surgical technology in the 21st century.