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Visual system structural and functional connections during face viewing in body dysmorphic disorder.

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Summary

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) show altered white matter in the vertical occipital fasciculus, impacting visual processing and appearance dissatisfaction. This suggests unique functional-structural relationships in BDD.

Keywords:
Granger causalityNODDIVertical occipital fasciculusface processingneurite orientation dispersion and density imagingtime-varying effective connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by distorted appearance perceptions.
  • Imbalances in global and local visual processing may underlie BDD.
  • The vertical occipital fasciculus integrates visual information, but its role in BDD is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the vertical occipital fasciculus white matter microstructure in BDD.
  • Examine associations with psychometric measures and effective connectivity.
  • Explore functional-structural relationships in BDD.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion MRI and fMRI data analyzed in 17 adults with BDD and 21 controls.
  • Bundle-specific analysis quantified vertical occipital fasciculus neurite density and orientation dispersion.
  • Effective connectivity computed during facial viewing task.

Main Results:

  • In BDD, lower neurite density correlated with higher appearance dissatisfaction and lower effective connectivity.
  • Worse BDD symptoms and insight linked to weaker effective connectivity.
  • No significant group differences in white matter microstructure; no correlations in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced vertical occipital fasciculus neurite density in BDD may impair visual information integration.
  • Findings suggest altered microstructure relates to appearance perception in BDD.
  • Distinct functional-structural relationships may exist in BDD.