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Structure-function coupling reveals the brain hierarchical structure dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows altered brain hierarchy, with the structural decoupling index (SDI) revealing key differences. This new SDI metric effectively identifies AD and its underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing cognitive decline.
  • The precise dysfunction in the brain's hierarchical structure in AD is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the brain's hierarchical structure in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To introduce and validate the structural decoupling index (SDI) as a neuroimaging biomarker for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-site dataset of 793 subjects with functional and diffusion-weighted MRI data.
  • Introduced the structural decoupling index (SDI) to assess brain hierarchy.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with AD showed increased SDI in specific brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala) and decreased SDI in the frontal lobe compared to controls.
  • SDI changes correlated significantly with cognitive ability.
  • SDI demonstrated robust diagnostic capability for AD (AUC = 0.86).

Conclusions:

  • Findings reveal dysfunction in the brain's hierarchical structure in AD.
  • SDI serves as a promising neuroimaging biomarker for AD identification and understanding disease mechanisms.
  • SDI alterations are linked to energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.