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Innovative lake pollution profiling: unveiling pollutant sources through advanced multivariate clustering techniques.

Minakshi Mishra1,2, Anupam Singhal1, Srinivas Rallapalli3

  • 1Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.

Environmental Management
|July 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new multivariate analysis method to identify polluted lakes and key contaminants like conductivity, nitrates, BOD, fecal, and total coliform. The findings support targeted pollution control for sustainable lake management.

Keywords:
LakesMultivariate clusteringPollution sourcesWater pollutionWater quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality Management
  • Ecosystem Health

Background:

  • Lakes are vital drinking water sources, increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollution.
  • Polluted lakes harm ecosystems and human health via waterborne diseases.
  • Effective methods are needed to identify polluted lakes and their specific contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel multivariate method for identifying polluted lakes and critical pollutants.
  • To analyze correlations between physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters.
  • To demonstrate the method's effectiveness using a case study of Indian lakes.

Main Methods:

  • Employed advanced hierarchical clustering and multivariate analysis (R-mode and Q-mode).
  • Generated rotating component matrices, dendrograms, monoplots, and biplots.
  • Conducted a case study on five lakes in Bengaluru and one in Jammu & Kashmir, India.

Main Results:

  • Identified conductivity, nitrates, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform (TC), and fecal coliform (FC) as critical contaminants.
  • Factor analysis revealed four primary components explaining 85% of variance.
  • Successfully identified pollution hotspots and contaminant sources.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method effectively identifies polluted lakes and critical pollutants.
  • Recommends source-based pollution control and integrated watershed management for lake restoration.
  • Emphasizes continuous monitoring for sustainable lake development and improved water quality.