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Hydrodynamics of Borromean Counterfluids
Egor Babaev1,2, Boris Svistunov3,4
1Department of Physics, <a href="https://ror.org/026vcq606">KTH Royal Institute of Technology</a>, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden.
Physical Review Letters
|July 29, 2024
Summary
Counterflow superfluidity in systems with three or more components exhibits unique behaviors due to more superfluid modes than phase variables. This "Borromean" ordering is described by effective N-component theory.
Area of Science:
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Quantum Fluids
Background:
- Superfluidity in N=2 component systems is well-understood.
- Systems with N≥3 components present novel phenomena distinct from the N=2 case.
Purpose of the Study:
- To formulate a hydrodynamic theory for counterflow superfluidity in N≥3 component systems.
- To describe the dynamical and statistical properties of this novel ordering.
Main Methods:
- Development of an effective N-component theory.
- Analysis of compact-gauge invariance.
- Investigation of intercomponent couplings.
Main Results:
- Identified a key difference: number of vortex excitations (N) exceeds independent phonon modes (N-1).
- Successfully described the "Borromean" type of ordering using effective N-component theory.
- Demonstrated conversion to a Borromean insulator via intercomponent couplings, including broken time-reversal symmetry.
Conclusions:
- The hydrodynamic theory naturally captures the unique features of N≥3 counterflow superfluidity.
- The "Borromean" state exhibits distinct dynamical and statistical properties.
- Intercomponent couplings lead to insulating states with potentially broken time-reversal symmetry.
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