Cyanobacteria respond to trophic status in shallow aquatic ecosystems

Small and shallow water bodies are particularly sensitive to adverse conditions connected with anthropogenic eutrophication. As model systems, ponds are a good object for ecological research and monitoring of global environmental changes. We examined cyanobacteria along with other groups of algae versus zooplankton and abiotic characteristics of water in 51 aquatic ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic pressure (from natural forest to highly disturbed field ponds) with 3 distinct trophic groups: meso-, eu- and hypertrophic. This study aimed to define how different levels of trophy affect pond-specific cyanobacteria assemblages and to identify species responding to particular trophic states. We demonstrated that trophic type determined the occurrence of certain cyanobacteria species. From among 78 identified taxa, shade- and turbid mixed adapted were the most numerous. Eutrophic ponds had the highest cyanobacteria species and diversity and abundance of zooplankon. Dominating species such as Chroococcus minimus, Anagnostidinema amphibium, Phormidium granulatum or Komvophoron minutum preferred mesotrophic, while e.g. Jaaginema subtilissimum, Limnolyngbya circumcreta, Limnothrix vacuolifera or Romeria leopolienis eutrophic waters and these were not grazed by filtrators. Only 3 species (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum circinale, Planktothrix agardhii) were associated with hypertrophic ponds. Therefore, we assume that cyanobacteria taxa have a high indicative potential to distinguish between trophic type of ponds. Reynolds Functional Groups also exhibit responses to changes in water quality. It was partucularly evident in the case of cyanobacteria representatives of codon M which was attributed to eutrophic ponds. Advancing our understanding about trophic preferences of cyanobacteria is crucial, especially in the era of global warming and the persistent issue of water eutrophication, when problems with harmful cyanobacterial blooms are intensifying. The research findings have ecological significance and management implications, highlighting the often-overlooked importance of pond ecosystems in maintaining overall water quality.