Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers01:27

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in bronchial smooth...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

β receptors are classified into three subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. β1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. When they get activated, they increase heart rate, contractility, and renin release. This process enhances blood pressure and aids in stress management. In contrast, β2 receptors are situated mainly in the lungs, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. Upon activation, they trigger smooth muscle relaxation, causing bronchodilation and vasodilation. This widens airways and...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation, vasodilation, and...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A contemporary review on heart failure with improved ejection fraction.

NPJ cardiovascular health·2026
Same author

TNF-α inhibitor therapy and prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis: a case report.

Future cardiology·2025
Same author

Predictors and Outcomes of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients Admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit for Sepsis-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Hemodynamic effects of sotatercept administration in pulmonary hypertension- Insights from remote monitoring.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2025
Same author

Innovations in TAVR: The Latest in Device Technology.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Obesity Paradox in Takotsubo Syndrome Among Septic ICU Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

83.5K

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion as a Strategy for Reducing Stroke Risk in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Errol Moras1, Kruti Gandhi1, Shreyas Yakkali2

  • 1From the Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.

Cardiology in Review
|July 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) offers a stroke prevention alternative for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. This method targets the primary source of clots, reducing stroke risk without long-term anticoagulation risks.

More Related Videos

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.4K
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

83.5K
Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.4K
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent condition associated with a high risk of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism.
  • The left atrial appendage (LAA) is the primary source of thrombus formation in AF patients, leading to embolic events.
  • Current stroke prevention strategies, such as oral anticoagulants, carry risks of major hemorrhage and require strict patient compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) as a stroke prevention strategy in nonvalvular AF.
  • To discuss the anatomy of the LAA and its role in thrombus formation.
  • To summarize the various LAAO techniques, devices, and clinical evidence supporting their efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LAA anatomy, thrombus formation, and LAAO techniques.
  • Analysis of randomized controlled trials and clinical studies evaluating LAAO for stroke risk reduction.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of LAAO compared to anticoagulation therapy.

Main Results:

  • The LAA is implicated in over 90% of AF-related thrombi.
  • LAAO techniques, including percutaneous and surgical methods, have demonstrated promising results in reducing stroke risk.
  • Clinical trials indicate that LAAO can be an effective alternative to long-term anticoagulation for stroke prevention in select AF patients.

Conclusions:

  • LAAO is an emerging and effective strategy for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular AF.
  • This intervention addresses the main source of embolic events, offering an alternative to anticoagulation therapy.
  • Further evidence supports LAAO as a valuable option for managing stroke risk in the growing AF population.