Trained immunity inducers in cancer immunotherapy

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Infectious Disease

Background:

• Current cancer immunotherapies primarily target adaptive immunity, showing limited efficacy and potential adverse effects.
• There is a critical need for more effective and broadly applicable cancer treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms and applications of trained immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
• To highlight the potential of trained immunity inducers for overcoming tumor suppression and enhancing anti-cancer responses.

Main Methods:

• Review of preclinical and clinical studies on trained immunity inducers for cancer.
• Analysis of the roles of emergency granulopoiesis, interferon-gamma, and tissue-specific induction.
• Proposal of repurposed trained immunity inducers.

Main Results:

• Trained immunity-inducing agents can counteract the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).
• These agents enhance T cell responses and promote tumor regression.
• Key mechanisms include emergency granulopoiesis, interferon-gamma signaling, and tissue-specific effects.

Conclusions:

• Trained immunity presents a novel and powerful approach for cancer immunotherapy.
• Combining trained immunity induction with T cell therapies may lead to more effective cancer vaccines.
• Further research into repurposed agents and challenges is warranted.