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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

498
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

521
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
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Immunotherapies and Renal Injury.

Aisha Shaikh1

  • 1Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Current Opinion in Toxicology
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapies harness the immune system to fight tumors but can harm kidneys. Early detection and management of immunotherapy-associated kidney injury are crucial for patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.
  • Effective anti-tumor immunity relies on T-cell activation.
  • Immune suppression hinders cancer cell clearance, promoting tumor growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the potential for immunotherapy to cause kidney injury.
  • To emphasize the importance of managing immunotherapy-associated kidney injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of cancer immunotherapy mechanisms.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes related to immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy.
  • Examination of the pathophysiology of immunotherapy-induced kidney injury.
Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryChimeric antigen receptor T cell therapyGlomerular diseaseImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmunotherapy

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
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Main Results:

  • Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapies, show significant clinical success.
  • These therapies can lead to multiorgan dysfunction, notably acute kidney injury.
  • Prompt recognition and management are key to preserving kidney function.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer immunotherapy offers a powerful approach to treating malignant diseases.
  • Awareness and proactive management of kidney injury are essential for optimizing patient care and outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.