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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Bubble ascent and rupture in mud volcanoes.

Maxwell L Rudolph1, Kirti Chandra Sahu2, Nikos Savva3,4

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Royal Society Open Science
|August 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Volcanic bubble bursting creates holes that expand and fragment, releasing gases and ash. This process is crucial for volcanic degassing and landform construction, explained by fluid dynamics theories.

Keywords:
bubblefragmentationmud volcanorheologyrupture

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Volcanology

Background:

  • Large gas bubbles ascend and rupture at the surface of mud and lava pools.
  • Bubble bursting releases volatiles and generates spatter, impacting volcanic degassing and edifice construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the ascent and rupture dynamics of bubbles in viscous fluids.
  • Understand the mechanisms of hole formation and expansion during bubble bursting.

Main Methods:

  • Field observations at Pâclele Mici, Romania.
  • Laboratory experiments using mud from the Imperial Valley, California.
  • Numerical simulations and theoretical modeling.
  • High-speed video documentation of bubble rupture.

Main Results:

  • Bubbles ascend as elliptical caps, forming a dimple upon reaching the surface.
  • Rupture initiates via nucleation of multiple, rapidly expanding circular holes.
  • Hole expansion and sheet evolution follow a generalized Taylor-Culick theory, independent of fluid rheology.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the physics of bubble bursting in natural volcanic environments.
  • The findings provide a theoretical framework applicable to understanding volcanic degassing and construction processes.
  • The generalized Taylor-Culick theory accurately describes hole expansion during bubble rupture.