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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
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A molecular anion pump.

Baihao Shao1, Heyifei Fu1, Ivan Aprahamian1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 1, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel artificial receptor that uses light energy to pump chloride ions against their concentration gradient, mimicking biological transporters. This molecular pump offers precise control over ion capture and release for potential applications in artificial biological systems.

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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Artificial Photosynthesis
  • Ion Transport

Background:

  • Protein-based transporters are crucial for biological processes, moving ions against concentration gradients.
  • Developing artificial receptors that mimic this function is challenging due to the need for controlled binding and release.
  • Existing artificial systems often struggle to balance high affinity with on-demand ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel artificial receptor capable of active ion transport.
  • To utilize light energy to drive the transport of chloride anions against a concentration gradient.
  • To achieve precise and on-demand control over ion capture and release using a photoswitchable system.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a trimeric hydrazone photoswitch-based receptor.
  • Utilizing a dichloromethane liquid membrane for ion transport experiments.
  • Employing light energy to actuate the molecular pump mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The developed receptor successfully functions as a molecular pump, transporting chloride anions against a gradient.
  • The system exhibits ease of synthesis, bistability, and excellent photoswitching properties.
  • Demonstrated superb ON-OFF binding properties for chloride anions, with a binding difference of up to six orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • A novel photoswitchable molecular pump capable of active ion transport has been successfully created.
  • The receptor efficiently converts light energy into mechanical work for ion translocation.
  • This system offers a promising platform for artificial ion transport with high control and efficiency.