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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 27, 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances effort maintenance in ADHD.

Jasper Vöckel¹, Anne Kühnel², Rebecca Rossberg¹

¹University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany.

Brain Stimulation

|August 1, 2024

Summary

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved effort maintenance in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This intervention targeted the prefrontal cortex, showing promise for managing ADHD-related effort aversion.

Keywords:

ADHD Dopamine Effort aversion Motivation Transcranial direct current stimulation

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Human Behavior

Background:

Youth with ADHD often struggle with effort aversion, potentially linked to dopamine signaling deficits.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may enhance dopaminergic activity in prefrontal cortex regions.
The effectiveness of specific tDCS protocols for modulating effort in ADHD is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of a specific tDCS configuration on effort-related behaviors in children and adolescents with ADHD.
To determine if tDCS can increase effort maintenance and invigoration during and after stimulation compared to a sham condition.

Main Methods:

Twenty-four children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study.
Participants received either 2 mA tDCS or sham stimulation for 20 minutes.
Anodal stimulation targeted the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), with the cathode over the right dorsolateral PFC.
A button-pressing task was used to measure effort maintenance and invigoration in anticipation of delayed monetary rewards.

Main Results:

A significant increase in effort maintenance was observed both during and after tDCS compared to sham.
No significant difference in effort invigoration was found during stimulation.
A non-significant decrease in invigoration was noted after tDCS compared to sham, even after correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions:

tDCS, with an anodal target on the ventromedial PFC and a cathodal target on the right dorsolateral PFC, effectively enhances effort maintenance in pediatric ADHD.
This finding suggests a potential therapeutic application of targeted tDCS for improving motivational deficits in ADHD.