[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Radiological and ultrasonographic aspects]

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Radiology
• Pediatric Nephrology

Background:

• Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic destructive kidney inflammation.
• Accurate presurgical diagnosis of XGP remains difficult, with reported rates between 10-14%.

Observation:

• This report details three cases of XGP, including one pediatric patient.
• Clinical, radiological, and ultrasonographical features were analyzed for each case.

Findings:

• XGP is frequently misdiagnosed as common kidney infections or malignancies.
• Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) are crucial for identifying XGP.
• These imaging modalities effectively assess the extent of extra-renal involvement, a recent advancement.

Implications:

• Improved diagnostic accuracy for XGP through advanced imaging techniques.
• Enhanced understanding of XGP's clinical presentation and radiological characteristics.
• Facilitates timely and appropriate management strategies for patients with XGP.