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We experimentally demonstrated deep subwavelength topological edge states in van der Waals heterostructures. These states confine light to volumes thousands of times smaller than the excitation wavelength, overcoming diffraction limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Photonics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Topological photonics enables robust light control, but experimental realizations are limited by wavelength scale.
  • Deep subwavelength confinement of light is theoretically possible but experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate deep subwavelength topological edge states.
  • To achieve light confinement significantly below the diffraction limit.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized van der Waals heterostructures with isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride flakes on patterned gold films.
  • Implemented periodic modulation of hyperbolic phonon polaritons to create topological edge states.

Main Results:

  • Achieved topological edge states confined within a 0.021 µm³ subdiffraction volume.
  • Maintained a resonance quality factor above 100 for the confined states.
  • Demonstrated confinement four orders of magnitude smaller than the excitation wavelength volume.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental proof of deep subwavelength topological edge states achieved.
  • Findings pave the way for integrating diverse polaritonic materials and systems.
  • Potential for hybridizing with other van der Waals materials to broaden applications.