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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Resonantly enhanced terahertz four-wave mixing in fluorides.

Eva Noskovicova, Martin Koys, Monika Jerigova

|August 2, 2024

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Researchers converted terahertz (THz) signals to the optical domain using THz-four-wave mixing (FWM). This technique, demonstrated in fluoride crystals, is promising for THz sensing and spectroscopy applications.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Spectroscopy
Materials Science

Background:

Converting terahertz (THz) signals to the optical domain is crucial for advancing THz sensing and spectroscopy.
Four-wave mixing (FWM) is a nonlinear optical process that can be used for frequency conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the conversion of intense broadband THz pulses into the optical domain.
To explore the application of THz-four-wave mixing (FWM) in nonlinear optical processes.
To demonstrate resonant amplification of THz-FWM signals in fluoride crystals.

Main Methods:

Mixing intense broadband THz pulses (central frequency Ω_THz) with an optical pump (ω_p).
Observing the generated optical signal at ω_s = 2(ω_p - Δω_p) - Ω_THz, where Δω_p accounts for pump spectral broadening.
Utilizing calcium fluoride (CaF₂), barium fluoride (BaF₂), and magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) as nonlinear media.

Main Results:

A THz-four-wave mixing (FWM) signal was observed near 400 nm.
The signal generation was attributed to resonantly amplified FWM.
Efficient conversion was demonstrated in CaF₂, BaF₂, and MgF₂ crystals.

Conclusions:

THz-FWM is a viable method for converting THz signals to the optical domain.
Resonant amplification significantly enhances the THz-FWM signal.
Fluoride crystals are effective media for THz-to-optical conversion, paving the way for novel THz applications.