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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Sequence programmable nucleic acid coacervates.

Sumit Majumder1, Sebastian Coupe2, Nikta Fakhri3

  • 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge 02142, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created programmable DNA and RNA liquids where molecule interactions control material properties. This self-assembly platform offers insights into cellular liquid-like compartments and programmable fluid development.

Keywords:
DNA/RNA nanotechnologyassociative polymersbiomolecular condensatescomplex coacervatesliquid-liquid phase separationprogrammable materials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials science
  • Molecular biology
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Nature employs self-assembly for complex structures, but linking molecular interactions to macroscopic properties is challenging.
  • Bridging molecular and macroscopic scales requires model systems with tunable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer programmable DNA and RNA liquids with controllable material characteristics.
  • To investigate how molecular hybridization influences the macroscopic properties of these nucleic acid condensates.

Main Methods:

  • Condensation of negatively charged DNA and RNA with polycations to form liquid-like states.
  • Utilizing sequence-specific hybridization to cross-link nucleic acid molecules within the liquid phase.
  • Measuring molecular diffusivity and material viscosity to correlate with hybridization energy.

Main Results:

  • DNA and RNA liquids were successfully generated with programmable material properties.
  • Intermolecular hybridization was shown to cross-link molecules, reduce chain dynamics, and slow molecular diffusion.
  • Macroscopic properties like viscosity and diffusivity were precisely modulated by controlling hybridization energy through sequence design.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid liquids provide a robust platform for creating self-assembling programmable fluids.
  • The study demonstrates sequence-based control over material properties, bridging molecular interactions and macroscopic behavior.
  • This work may enhance understanding of intracellular liquid-like compartments and inform the design of novel biomaterials.